2019-2020学年人教版高中英语选修7精品学案:Unit 1Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing
2019-2020学年人教版高中英语选修7精品学案:Unit 1Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing第2页

  四、动词不定式的句法功能

  动词不定式在句中不能独立作谓语,但可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。

  1.不定式作主语

   不定式短语作主语时,句子的谓语动词用单数形式。若不定式结构比较复杂,往往用it作形式主语,真正的主语放在句子的后面。

  To catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea.

  赶早晨5点的公共汽车不是个好主意。

  It is not a good idea to catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning.

  早晨很早赶5点的公共汽车不是个好主意。

  [点津] 在"It is+adj.+不定式复合结构"句型中,当其中的形容词用来说明不定式逻辑主语的性格特点时,要由of引出逻辑主语,不能用for。这类形容词主要有bold, brave, careful, careless, clever, considerate, cruel, foolish, honest, kind, nice, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, wise等。

  It is very kind of you to help me.

  你帮我真是太好了。

   [考题印证]1

  ①(新课标全国卷Ⅰ) It took years of work to_reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.

  ②(山东高考改编) It's standard practice for a company like this one to_employ (employ) a security officer.

  2.不定式作宾语

  (1)下列动词的后面常跟不定式作宾语:

  decide/determine, learn, choose, plan, refuse, promise, want/attempt, pretend, offer, manage, expect/wish/hope, agree, ask/beg, help, prepare, threaten, tend, claim, desire/long, apply, fail, hesitate。

  The driver failed to see the other car in time.

  司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

  He can't afford to buy the expensive car.

  他买不起那辆昂贵的小汽车。

  [点津] 常接不定式作宾语的动词的记忆口诀:

  决心学会选计划,拒绝答应想假装;

  主动设法愿希望,同意请求帮一帮;

  准备威胁易声称,渴望申请败踌躇。

  (2)常用句型"主语+v.+it+adj./n.+to do sth."。其中,it为形式宾语,to do ...为真正的宾语。能用于这一句型的动词有:think, find, make, believe, consider, suppose, feel等。

  I think it useful to learn a foreign language.

  我认为学门外语很有用。

  (3)一些动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语,但含义不同。