条件 Turning to the left, you will find the school. (= If you turn to the left, ....)向左走，你就会找到那个学校 让步 Knowing where I live, he never come to see me .(= Though he knows where I

live, ....)尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。 伴随 I stood there, waiting for her. (= ..., and waited for her.)我站在那儿等她 原因 Being tired , I stopped to take a rest. (= Because I was tired, ....)因为疲倦，我停下来休息。 结果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.(= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.)在这个地方雨下的如此大，以至引发了洪灾。

2) -ing形式的完成式

3）. 使用-ing形式需注意的几个问题:

.①分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须

用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。