Step Two: Grammar

引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式: 一是原封不动地引用原话, 把它放在引号内, 这叫直接引语(Direct speech); 一是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语(Indirect speech)。

Anne said: "My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish." (Direct speech)

She said that she and her family were hiding in Amsterdam. (Indirect speech)

直接引语类别

类别一:直接引语为陈述句

Ⅰ.人称变化规律

She said," I like tennis."

She said that she liked tennis

结论1：当直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变间接引语后与主句主语的人称保持一致。

He said to Lily, " you must get up early."

He told Lily that she must get up early.

结论2：当直接引语的主语为第二人称时，变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称保持一致。

She said to me , " They want to help him."

She told me that they wanted to help him.

结论3：当直接引语的主语为第三人称时，变间接引语后人称不变。

Ⅱ.时态的变化规律

He says, '' I will do it tomorrow."

He says that he will do it tomorrow.

结论1：如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化。

He said, "I am a teacher."

He said he was a teacher.

结论2：如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句要用与过去相关的时态。

The teacher said, "The earth goes round the sun."

The teacher said（that）the earth goes round the sun.

结论3: 直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时,变间接引语时时态不变。

Summary:

直接引语为陈述句，

变成间接引语的"顺口溜"是：

去掉引号加that，

人称时态要灵活。

类别二:直接引语为特殊疑问句

1.引导词为疑问词。

2.疑问语序要改成陈述语序。

（疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分）

3.人称的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变)

4.时态的变化

(主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。)

1. 'When does the train arrive?' Please tell me.

　　　　　　→Please tell me the train .

　　　　　　Key: when arrives

2. 'What time did he get up today?' I don't know.

　　　　　　→I don't know what time up today.

　　　　　　Key: he got

类别三:直接引语为一般疑问句

1.用连词whether/if引导

2.语序要改成 陈述语序

3.人称的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变)

4.时态的变化

(主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态。主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。)

"Do you like English?" Jim asked Tom.

--- Jim asked Tom if/whether he liked English.

---Jim asked Tom whether he liked English or not.

(当句中用了whether ... or not时，不能用if来替换whether。)

Check:

1. "Is your mother a doctor?" Lucy asked me.

→Lucy asked me a doctor.

Key: if my mother was

2. He said, "Did you see the girl?"

→He asked the girl or not.

Key: whether I had seen

Step Three: Assignments

1.完成第五页练习

2.系统整理直接引语和间接引语笔记。 类别1:直接引语为陈述句

去掉引号加that，人称时态要灵活。

类别2:直接引语为特殊疑问句

直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。

类别3:直接引语为一般疑问句

去掉引号加whether/if，陈述语序要记住，时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。