(3)as和while都可以与持续性动词连用,表示两个动作同时发生,但前者强调的是持续的全过程,后者强调的是动作的同时性。因此把as译成"正当"或"与......同时";而把while译成"在......过程中"或"在......期间"。
It often changes in speed and direction while it is moving.
它在运动过程中经常改变速度和方向。
It changes in speed and direction as it moves.它在运动时,改变了速度和方向。
(4)when和as都可以表示两个动作的先后顺序,而while却不能。
When/As the clock struck six,Tom got up.当六点的钟声敲响的时候,汤姆起床了。
He was working on a design when his friend arrived.
他正在搞设计,这时他的朋友到了。
2.as soon as,immediately,directly,once,no sooner...than,hardly...when引导的时间状语从句,表示"一......就......"。
I came directly I got your message.我一得到你的消息,就来了。
注意 当no sooner...than,hardly...when中的no sooner,hardly置于句首时,主句部分倒装。
No sooner had Jack seen me than he left the classroom.
=Hardly had Jack seen me when he left the classroom.
杰克一看见我就离开了教室。
3.the moment,the day,next time,last time,every time,each time等词引导时间状语从句。
He came to the spot the moment he heard of the accident.
他一听说这起事故就赶到了现场。
4.till,until引导的时间状语从句
We will stay here till/until it stops raining.我们将一直呆在这里直到雨停。
主句有否定意义时,till/until含有before的意思,通常译为"直到......才......"。
John did not announce the news till he was sure of it.约翰直到对这个消息确信无误时才宣布。
not until放在句首时,主句的主语和谓语要倒置,表示加强语气。
Not until the rain stopped did we leave there.直到雨停了我们才离开那儿。
5.since引导的时间状语从句
I have been in Beijing since you left.自从你离开以来,我一直在北京。
二、过去完成时
过去完成时表示的是"过去的过去"发生、进行或完成了的动作。使用过去完成时,一般要有可以与之比较的"过去时间点"。过去完成时主要用在以下场合:
1.过去完成时常与by,by the end of,by the time引导的状语连用。
In Germany,over 50% of the trees had been damaged by (the year) 1896.
在德国,到1896年止,全国已经有过半数的树木被毁坏。
2.表示从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态。
She said she had worked in that factory.她说她在那家工厂工作过。
3.当一个由before,after,as soon as等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句