☞Defeated again，we did not lose heart．尽管再次被击败，但我们没有灰心。

6. 独立成分(插入语)

☞Given good weather，our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening．

假如天气好，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。

☞Put frankly，I don't agree with what he said．坦白地说，我不同意他所说的话。

二、与状语从句的相互转换

1. 过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when，while或after等引导的状语从句。

☞Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful．

→When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful．

从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。

2. 作条件状语，可转换为if，once或unless等引导的状语从句。

☞Given more time，she would certainly have done much better．

→If she had been given more time，she would certainly have done much better．

如果有更多时间的话，她一定会干得更好些。

3. 作原因状语，可转换为as，since或because等引导的状语从句。

☞The children，exhausted，fell asleep at once．

→As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once．

由于劳累，孩子们很快就睡着了。

4. 作让步状语，可转换为although，though或even if等引导的状语从句。

☞Although exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey．

→Although we were exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey．

我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。

5. 作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。

☞He began to cry as if bitten by a snake．

→He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake．

他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。

6. 作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。

☞Aunt Wu came in，followed by her daughter．

→Aunt Wu came in，and(she)was followed by her daughter．

吴大娘走进来，(她)后面跟着她的女儿。