To understand how this can be true, we must understand how Socrates taught⑪. Socrates taught by asking questions. Through this, he challenged his students to develop and explain their own arguments. In many cases⑫， his questions made his students aware⑬ of their own errors. Many students got embarrassed⑭ and even angry when this happened, while⑮ others changed their opinions. Socrates' way of approaching⑯ the truth is now called the Socratic Method. The idea of asking questions until you reach the right answer is the basis⑰ of modern philosophy and science. 　　⑪动词不定式To understand ...作目的状语，两个how都引导宾语从句。

　　⑫in many cases在很多情况下

　　in no case在任何情况下都不，决不

　　⑬aware/ə'weə(r)/adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的

　　be aware of意识到

　　⑭got embarrassed"感到尴尬"，为"get＋adj."结构。

　　⑮while意为"然而，而"，表转折。

　　⑯approach v．靠近，接近

　　⑰basis/'beIsIs/n.基础；基准；原因 　　

　　[第3段译文]

　　为了理解这何以成真，我们必须搞清苏格拉底是怎样教学的。苏格拉底通过提问进行教学。通过这种方式，他鞭策学生，要他们完善并阐释自己的论点。在很多情况下，他的问题让学生们意识到了自己的错误。当这种情况发生时，许多学生感到尴尬甚至气愤，而另外一些学生则改变了他们的观点。苏格拉底探求真理的方式现在被称作苏格拉底问答法。提出一个个问题直至你得出正确答案的这一思路是现代哲学和科学的基础。

　　Unfortunately⑱ for him, Socrates questioned⑲ too much. He always asked challenging⑳ questions to everyone he met, upsetting many people in Athens\s\up1(21(21). Finally, some people had had enough of\s\up1(22(22) him, so they took him to court\s\up1(23(23) for\s\up1(24(24) questioning the existence of the Greek gods\s\up1(25(25) and for corrupting\s\up1(26(26) the young people of Athens. At his trial\s\up1(27(27)， he defended\s\up1(28(28) himself by asking his judges\s\up1(29(29) yet more questions. This just made a bad situation worse\s\up1(30(30). Finally he was put to death\s\up1(31(31) by being forced to drink poison\s\up1(32(32). Through his death, Socrates became the hero of all people who search for\s\up1(33(33) the truth\s\up1(34(34). 　　⑱unfortunately adv."不幸地"，在句中作插入语。

　　⑲question提问，质问　⑳challenging adj.具有挑战性的

　　\s\up1(21(21)he met是定语从句，修饰everyone，省略了定语从句的引导词who(m); upsetting many people ...作结果状语。

　　\s\up1(22(22)have enough of受够了

　　\s\up1(23(23)court/kɔːt/n.法院，法庭；球场；宫廷

　　\s\up1(24(24)take sb. to court for (doing) sth.因某人做了某事而将其告上法庭

　　\s\up1(25(25)god/ɡɒd/n.神，神灵

　　\s\up1(26(26)corrupt/kə'rʌpt/vt.使腐化，使堕落adj.贪污的，腐败的

　　\s\up1(27(27)trial/'traIəl/n.审讯，审理；试验；考验

　　\s\up1(28(28)defend vt.为......辩护

　　\s\up1(29(29)judge/dʒʌdʒ/n.法官，审判员；裁判员

　　\s\up1(30(30)此处为"make＋宾语＋宾语补足语"结构。

　　\s\up1(31(31)put ...to death判......死刑

　　\s\up1(32(32)poison/'pɒIzn/n.毒药；毒物vt.毒害，下毒

　　\s\up1(33(33)search for寻求，寻找　\s\up1(34(34)who引导定语从句，修饰people。