He was called as a defense witness.

他被传唤做被告证人。

4. ... its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.

drag的意思是"拖"，例如：

He dragged the table into the corner. 他把那张桌子拖到角落。

drag的短语联想：

drag down 把人拖垮

drag one's feet 故意拖延

drag in 拉进去

drag on 拖延、拉长

5. From James's face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.

abandon的意思是"放弃，抛弃"，例如：

Many people were killed by the chemical weapons abandoned by the Japanese during the World War Ⅱ.

很多人被二战期间日本人留下来的化学武器害死了。

【词语辨析】abandon / desert / give up

① abandon强调永远或完全放弃某人或某事物；可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的；

② desert 着重指违背法律责任和义务或自己的信仰与誓言的行为；

③ give up 普通用语，侧重指没有希望，或因为外界压力而放弃。

6. What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out?

阅读下列句子，注意help (...) out的意思及用法。

1) Do you need anyone to help out in the shop?

2) No need to thank me - I was just glad to help out a friend.

3) I agreed to help you out tonight, but that was all I agreed to.

通过观察上面的句子可知，help (...) out的意思是："帮助......（摆脱困境或危难）"。help out可单独使用（句1）；也可构成以下结构： help out sb.（句2）；help sb. out（句3），其中，当sb.为人称代词时，常放在out之前。

7. "Man overboard! Turn the boat around!" urged George, shouting loudly.

阅读下列句子，注意urge的意思及用法。

1. I felt a sudden urge to tell him all my problems.

2. Police are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately.

3. Our teacher urged on / upon us the need for cooperation.

4. They urged that the library be kept open during the vacation.

从以上句子中可以看出，urge可作名词，含义为"迫切的欲望；强烈的要求"；也可作动词，意思是"催促；力劝；强烈要求"。其常见用法分别如下：

● 作名词

the urge to do sth. 想做某事的强烈欲望 (句1) I felt a sudden urge to tell him all my problems.

● 作动词

① _______________敦促某人做某事 (句2) Police are urging anyone who saw the accident to contact them immediately.

② urge sth. ________ sb. 向某人极力陈述某事(句3) Our teacher urged on / upon us the need for cooperation.