Unit 3 Travel Journal (Grammar)

--将来时的六种表达法

1. will/ shall do (will可用于第一、二、三人称，shall只用于第一人称)

(1) 这种将来意义常常夹杂着情态意义，即带有说话人的主观态度和看法。

e.g. You will fail the test if you don't work hard.

(2) 有时既表示将来，也含有"意愿"或"意图"。

e.g. I will meet you at 6 o'clock.

(3) 在疑问句中will/ shall还可用来征询听话人的"意图"。

e.g. Will you be at home at seven this evening?

--- Will you marry me? --- Yes, I will.

2. be going to do

(1) 表示"意图"，即打算在将来做某事。

e.g. I'm going to play basketball after school.

They are going to marry next month.

I'm going to be a doctor.

(2) 表示"预见"，即现在已有迹象表明要发生某种情况。

e.g. The sky is so dark. It's going to rain.

△ will/ shall do和be going to do

(1) 两者都可表示"意图"，有时两者可以互换使用。

e.g. I won't tell him about it. = I'm not going to tell him about it.

(2) 表示"意图"时，be going to do表示的"意图"通常是事先经过考虑的，

而will/ shall do所表示的"意图"则是说话时临时想到的，因此在某些特

定的语境中，两者不可互换使用。

e.g. --- I'm going to play basketball after school.

--- Really? I will go with you.

be doing

这一结构的主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于表示位置转移的动词，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等，也可用于其它动态动词。

e.g. The plane is taking off at 5:30.

How are you going there ------ by air or by train?

△ be going to do和be doing

(1) be going to do和be doing都可表示决定要做某事，两者在某些语境中可以

互换使用。

e.g. We are having fish for supper. = We are going to have fish for supper.

We are leaving soon. = We are going to leave soon.

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