一、基本概念
引述或转述别人的话称为"引语"。直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号标出,叫作直接引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号的叫作间接引语。
直接引语变为间接引语时,需在时态形式、人称代词、指示代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语以及语序等方面作相应的变化。
"I like singing,"she said.(直接引语)
→She said she liked singing.(间接引语)
她说她喜欢唱歌。
"Don't touch anything,"he said.(直接引语)
→He told us not to touch anything.(间接引语)
他告诉我们不要碰任何东西。
二、直接引语变为间接引语时各种句式的转换
1.引述陈述句时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常被省略。),引述动词主要用say,tell,repeat,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等。
He said,"I like it very much."
→He said that he liked it very much.
他说他非常喜欢它。
He said,"I've left my book in your room."
→He told me that he had left his book in my room.
他告诉我他把书忘在我房间里了。
2.引述一般疑问句或附加疑问句时,通常用whether或if引导,而引述选择疑问句时,一般只能用whether引导,引述动词用asked,语序用陈述句语序。
She said,"Do you like watching the advertisements on TV?"
→She asked me if/whether I liked watching the advertisements on TV.
她问我是否喜欢看电视上的广告。
He asked,"They live in groups,don't they?"
→He asked whether/if they lived in groups.
他问他们是否是群居。
He asked,"Are you a teacher or a student?"
→He asked me whether I was a teacher or a student.他问我是老师还是学生。