语态是动词的一种形式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态,主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。同一件事往往既可以用主动句又可以用被动句来表达,但侧重点有所不同。一般来说,主动语态侧重于行为者即动作的发出者,而被动语态侧重于动作的对象即动作的承受者。
They have caught a snake.
他们抓住了一条蛇。(主动语态)
A snake has been caught by them.
一条蛇已被他们捉住了。(被动语态)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本形式是由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。
一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are+being+过去分词 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 过去进行时 was/were+being+过去分词 一般将来时 will/shall+be+过去分词;am/is/are+going to be+过去分词 现在完成时 have/has+been+过去分词 过去将来时 would be+过去分词 过去完成时 had+been+过去分词 Before you leave the lab, make sure the electricity is turned off and the windows are shut.(一般现在时的被动语态)
在你离开实验室之前,要确保电源被切断,窗户被关好。
The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.(一般过去时态的被动语态)
孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.(一般将来时态的被动语态)
中国人民在将来将进行更多的太空探索。
All the old houses along the street have been pulled down.(现在完成时态的被动语态)
沿街的所有的旧房子都已经被拆掉了。
When we got to the cinema, all the tickets had been sold out.(过去完成时态的被动语态)
我们到达电影院时,所有的票都已售完。
He said that the people's living standard would be greatly improved.(过去将来时的