1.连接词that和whether/if
(1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分,本身无任何意义,只起连接作用,但不可省略。
That she survived the accident is a miracle.
她在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。
(2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分,起连接作用,意为"是否",不可省略。
Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.
=It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.
这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
[名师点津] whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾,但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾,前面需用it作形式主语。
[即时演练1] 补全句子
①That_she_could_come_to_help_us made us very happy.
她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。
②Whether_she_is_coming_or_not doesn't matter too much.
她来不来都无关紧要。
2.连接代词(who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等)
连接代词引导主语从句,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize.
无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。
Who will go to the concert is not known.
不知道谁会去听音乐会。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。
[名师点津] who 引导的主语从句表示一件"事情",而whoever引导的主语从句指"人"。
3.连接副词(when, where, how, why等)
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这件事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。