[语法初识]

原句感知 自主探究 ①Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal．

②As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output．

③Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields．

④However, he doesn't care about being famous．

⑤He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah­jong, swimming and reading．

⑥Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him．

⑦Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing．

⑧He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people．

⑨Mary's being late for class made her teacher angry．

⑩It is no use arguing with him about such a matter． (1)动词­ing(短语)(加黑部分)在句中可作主语(句①、⑥、⑦、⑨、⑩)；可作动词的宾语(句⑤)；作介词(短语)的宾语(句②、③、④、⑧)。

(2)动词­ing的复合结构作主语(句⑨)。

(3)it作形式主语，而动词­ing(短语)作真正的主语(句⑩)。 　　

　　[语法剖析]

语法点一 基本用法 　　动词­ing形式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。其基本形式如下：

及物动词(do) 不及物动词(go) 主动语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done going 完成式 having done having been done having gone 　　Being exposed to the sun for a long time will do harm to your skin．

　　暴露在太阳下太长的时间会伤害你的皮肤。

　　He enjoys walking in the field in a summer morning．

　　他喜欢在夏日的早上在田间漫步。

[点津]　(1)非谓语动词­ing形式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词­ing形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。

　　(2)非谓语动词­ing形式若与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系时，需用被动语态；而不及物动词的非谓语形式无被动语态，但可有完成形式。

　　(3)非谓语动词­ing形式的否定式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时 not应放在逻辑主语和动词­ing形式之间。

　　即时演练1

　　1－1．写出下列句中的动词­ing(短语)所充当的成分

　　①Playing with fire is dangerous． 主语

②Would you mind opening the window？ 宾语