目的是介绍该地区是一个十分理想的度假胜地。
He grabbed at the picket fence to keep from falling. His torn gray overcoat swayed open in the winter wind.
粗心的读者可能会从"grabbed...from falling"推论出这个老头喝醉了。显然这种推论缺乏足够证据,因为读者"His torn gray overcoat...in the winter wind"这一事实。事实上,作者描写了一幅凄凉的情景。合理的推论应该是:这个老头贫病交加,上了年岁,身体很虚弱。
全国卷阅读理解部分设计了相当一部分检查推论能力的测试题。推论阅读理解题通常有一定的提问格式或提问的信息词。读者首先应通过这些格式或信息词确定其题型,然后运用上述的规则去做题。
推论题常见的提问格式有"What do you think(suppose)...?"(有的这种格式为判断题)。此外,含有imply(言外之意),implication, suggest(使人联想),suggestion, infer(推论),inference, seem, appear, probably, most likely(很可能)之类的词语的思考题通常也是推论题。
四、结论
1.什么叫结论
以已知的事实为前提,得出的惟一而合理的决定叫结论。
作结论不同于作判断。虽然作结论和作判断都是以已知的事实为依据,但对同一证据,作出的判断可以不止一个,而结论只能有一个。
作结论也不同于作推论。推论是由已知推出未知,是合理的猜测,而结论是依据已知的事实,作出的合乎逻辑的惟一的决定。
2.怎样在阅读中作结论
作结论,需要有一定的逻辑知识基础,所以读者应学一点逻辑常识。作逻辑结论主要采用归纳推理和演绎推理两种推理方式。
1)归纳推理作结论
归纳推理作结论是由个别推出一般,或由具体推出抽象的推理过程。在阅读中,或在全国卷阅读理解题中,要求读者针对材料提供的局部事实,如某一句话,某两句话,乃至整个段落的信息作归纳,以得出正确的结论。
2)演绎推理作结论
演绎推理是从一般到个别,从普遍到特殊的推理。
演绎推理通常是由大前提、小前提和一个结论构成的,所以也叫"三段论"。大前提提出一般原则,小前提提出个别事物,结论表明推论的结果。
阅读推理练习:
根据以下电影评论判断其属于哪一种电影体裁
(biography,cartoon,fantasy, history adventure, science fiction)
WHAT'S ON THIS WEEKEND:NEW FILMS TO SEE
The Last Samurai__________
1. This film is set in 19th century Japan. It shows how Japanese fighters lived and died and is very realistic-it's often sad, but never boring.
2. Mosters from the Moon__________
When the little green men come to visit the planet Earth, they hope to bring peace and happiness. But instead, they start a war. This is a frightening but very interesting film.
3. The Ruturn of Mickey Mouse__________
This is very funny, with very realistic drawings. It also uses designs drawn by computers to bring Mickey Mouse back to life as a 21st century hero.
4. Dragons and Mountains__________