【学道】2018-2019学年人教版高中英语必修四学案设计:语法剖析活用Unit3 A taste of English humourWord版含解析
【学道】2018-2019学年人教版高中英语必修四学案设计:语法剖析活用Unit3 A taste of English humourWord版含解析第1页

语法·剖析·活用

动词-ing形式作表语

  动名词作表语一般表示比较抽象的习惯性动作,表语和主语的位置可以互换。如:

  Her job is teaching.(=Teaching is her job.)

  她的工作是教书。

  Her duty is taking care of the babies.(=Taking care of the babies is her duty.)

  照看婴儿是她的职责。

  怎样区别作表语的现在分词和动名词

  动名词和现在分词构成形式一样(都是在动词词尾加-ing),且均可在句中作表语。究竟是现在分词还是动名词在句中作表语呢?下面介绍几种辨别的方法:

  (1)倒置法

  将句中的主语和表语位置互换,谓语不动,若新组成的句子与原句意思相符,句中v.-ing形式就是动名词。否则,就是现在分词。例如:

  His job is teaching English.

  他的工作是教英语。

  His job is interesting.

  他的工作有趣。

  互换位置后成为:Teaching English is his job."教英语是他的工作。"与原句意思相符。句子通顺。第一句中的teaching是动名词作表语。

  Interesting is his job.句子意思不成立,与原句意思更不相符。故原句中的interesting应为现在分词。

  (2)加入法

  在表语前加上副词very,so或more,most等。句子通顺、意思明确者,为现在分词。否则,为动名词。如:

  My job is interesting.→My job is very interesting.(句子成立)故interesting为现在分词。

  My job is teaching English.→My job is very(so)teaching English.句子不成立,故teaching是动名词作表语。

  同理,我们还可以在表语后加个能作宾语的词,若句子成立应为动名词,否则,为现在分词。如:

  My job is teaching English.→My job is teaching you English.句子成立,teaching为动名词。

  My job is interesting.→My job is interesting you.加you后的句子不成立,故句中的interesting为现在分词。

  (3)提问法 

  能用how对表语提问的是现在分词,反之是动名词;能用what对表语提问的是动名词,反之,为现在分词。如:

  My job is interesting.→How is your job?用how提问,句意通顺,故表语是现在分词。

  My job is teaching English.→What is your job?用what对表语提问,句意通顺,故表语是动名词。

  动词-ing形式作定语

  (1)单个的动词-ing形式作定语时,一般放在被修饰词之前,而-ing短语作定语时,一般放在被修饰词之后。如:

  a waiting room 等候室

a dancing girl一个跳舞的女孩