Dickens' London

　　Dickens' cast① of characters lived in London, the largest and richest city in the world. But its wealth was distributed② unfairly③ among the population. Every chapter④ of his novels describes the sights, sounds, and smells of the city, and provides a social commentary of London life.

　　In the middle of the 19th century, London was a filthy⑤ city for rich and poor people alike⑥. Although on clear days the air was filled with⑦ sparrows⑧ and seagulls⑨ flying high above⑩， more often the smoking chimney pipes⑪ created smog⑫ which was so strong that it choked⑬ the inhabitants⑭. The River Thames was polluted, causing disease and death everywhere⑮， and if you fell in, it was dangerous to swallow⑯ the water. 　　①cast/kɑːst/n.演员阵容，全体演员

　　②distribute/dI'strIbjuːt/v.分发，分配，分送

　　distribute ...among/between在......之间分配，给某人发某物

　　③unfairly adv.不公平地　④chapter/'tʃæptə/n.章节

　　⑤filthy/'fIlθi/adj.十分肮脏的，污秽的　⑥alike adv.同样地

　　⑦be filled with (＝ be full of)充满

　　⑧sparrow/'spærəʊ/n.麻雀　⑨seagull/'siːˌɡʌl/n.海鸥

　　⑩flying high above作后置定语，修饰"麻雀"和"海鸥"。

　　⑪chimney pipes烟囱

　　pipe/paIp/n.(通常埋在地下的)管，管子，管道

　　⑫smog/smɒɡ/n.烟雾

　　⑬choke/tʃəʊk/v.(使)窒息，(使)噎住，(使)呼吸困难

　　⑭which was so strong that it ...是定语从句，修饰smog。该从句中含有so ...that ..."如此......以致......"句式，that引导结果状语从句。

　　⑮causing disease and death everywhere作结果状语，表示自然的结果。

　　⑯swallow/'swɒləʊ/v.吞下，咽下(食物或饮料) 　　

　　狄更斯时代的伦敦

　　[第1～2段译文]

　　狄更斯笔下的人物住在伦敦，这是世界上最大最富有的城市，但它的财富分配不公。他的小说的每个章节都描述了这个城市的景象、声音和气息，并对伦敦的生活做出了社会评价。

　　在19世纪中叶，伦敦对富人和穷人来说都是个同样脏乱的城市。尽管在晴朗的天气里会有麻雀和海鸥在高高在天空翱翔，但更多的是烟囱里冒出的浓烟使居民们感到窒息。泰晤士河受到污染，引发各地的疾病和死亡，如果你掉进河里，吞了河水的话是很危险的。

　　The East End was London's poorest district, where children wore rags⑰ for clothes and the women searched in dustbins⑱ for⑲ food⑳. Few people could ever hope to attain\s\up1(21(21) an acceptable\s\up1(22(22) standard of living\s\up1(23(23). Many people suffered from\s\up1(24(24) the effects of poor nutrition\s\up1(25(25) and even starvation\s\up1(26(26) because of a lack of\s\up1(27(27) food, yet their welfare\s\up1(28(28) was of no\s\up1(29(29) concern\s\up1(30(30) to the taxpayers\s\up1(31(31) of London. Ships from all points of the compass\s\up1(32(32) would drop anchor\s\up1(33(33) here at the main port of London. South of the river lies Southwark, another poor district\s\up1(34(34). The George Inn\s\up1(35(35) was a busy coaching stop with food and accommodation for travellers leaving London, and for carriers\s\up1(36(36) taking goods into the city\s\up1(37(37) .

　　But some Londoners had accumulated\s\up1(38(38) enormous wealth through trade. In the old City of London are housed\s\up1(39(39) the many banks and corporations\s\up1(40(40) which Dickens mentions\s\up1(41(41). Further west and opposite\s\up1(42(42) Southwark stands Somerset House，\s\up1(43(43) where Dickens' father worked for the navy\s\up1(44(44). Close by are the Law Courts, where lawyers and their clerks, carrying piles\s\up1(45(45) of\s\up1(46(46) paperwork\s\up1(47(47)， would hurry to the trials\s\up1(48(48). There were many squares and gardens with water pumps\s\up1(49(49) and fountains\s\up1(50(50)， as well as\s\up1(51(51) smart restaurants and pubs\s\up1(52(52). 　　⑰rag/ræɡ/n.(一小块)旧布；抹布

　　⑱dustbin/'dʌstbIn/n.垃圾箱，垃圾桶　⑲search for寻找

　　⑳where children ...for food是非限制性定语从句，修饰district。

　　\s\up1(21(21)attain/ə'teIn/v.获得，达到　\s\up1(22(22)acceptable adj.可接受的

　　\s\up1(23(23)standard of living生活标准　\s\up1(24(24)suffer from遭受

　　\s\up1(25(25)nutrition/njuː'trIʃn/n营养(作用)；滋养

　　\s\up1(26(26)starvation/stɑː'veIʃn/n.挨饿，饿死　\s\up1(27(27)a lack of缺乏

　　\s\up1(28(28)welfare/'welfeə/n.幸福，福祉；健康

　　\s\up1(29(29)"be of＋某些抽象名词"表示"具有......特征，特点"。

　　be of importance ＝ be important重要的

　　be of significance ＝ be significant重要的

　　\s\up1(30(30)concern/kən'sɜːn/n.关心，担心

　　\s\up1(31(31)taxpayer/'tæksˌpeIə/n.纳税人

　　\s\up1(32(32)all points of the compass指"世界各地"。

　　compass/'kʌmpəs/n.指南针，罗盘

　　\s\up1(33(33)anchor/'æŋkə/n.锚

　　\s\up1(34(34)another poor district作Southwark的同位语。

　　\s\up1(35(35)inn/In/n.小旅馆　

　　\s\up1(36(36)carrier/'kæriə/n.运输工具

　　\s\up1(37(37)leaving London和taking goods into the city均是现在分词短语作后置定语。

　　\s\up1(38(38)accumulate/ə'kjuːmjʊˌleIt/v.积累　

　　\s\up1(39(39)house v．收藏，安置

　　\s\up1(40(40)corporation/ˌkɔːpə'reIʃn/n.公司，企业

　　\s\up1(41(41)which Dickens mentions是限制性定语从句。

　　\s\up1(42(42)opposite prep.在......对面，句中用了完全倒装。

　　\s\up1(43(43)where Dickens' father worked for the navy是非限制性定语从句，修饰Somerset House。

　　\s\up1(44(44)navy/'neIvi/n.海军　\s\up1(45(45)pile/paIl/n.堆，叠，摞

　　\s\up1(46(46)paperwork/'peIpəˌwɜːk/n.资料，文件

　　\s\up1(47(47)where lawyers and their clerks ...是非限制性定语从句。

　　\s\up1(48(48)trial/'traIəl/n.审判，审理　\s\up1(49(49)pump/pʌmp/n.泵；抽水机

　　\s\up1(50(50)fountain/'faʊntIn/n.喷泉；喷水池

　　\s\up1(51(51)as well as以及，相当于and, in addition to。

　　\s\up1(52(52)pub/pʌb/n.酒馆，酒吧