化，但是有语态和时态的变化。

　　一、非谓语动词的基本形式

时态形式 主动式 被动式 不定式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 动词­ing

形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 动词­ed形式 一般式 done 　　

　　　[即时演练1]　写出下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分

　　①To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

　　不定式短语作主语

　　②With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.

　　with复合结构作原因状语

　　③This is the best way to work out this problem.

　　不定式短语作定语

　　④They went to the park, singing and talking.

　　动词­ing形式作伴随状语

　　⑤Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?

　　动词­ing形式作宾语补足语

　　⑥Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.

　　过去分词短语作状语

　　⑦The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.动词­ing形式作定语

　　⑧Do you mind my asking you a few questions?

　　动词­ing形式作宾语

　　二、非谓语动词的句法功能

　　1．不定式和动名词作主语

不定式作主语表示具体动作；动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作。