1. 肯定句:"主语+have(has) been+动词的现在分词+其他."例如:
I have been sitting here all the afternoon. 我在这儿坐了一下午。
He has been collecting all kinds of stamps since he was ten years old.
自十岁起他就开始收集各式各样的邮票。
2. 否定句:"主语+have(has) not been+动词的现在分词+其他."例如:
They haven't been meeting each other for five years.
他们有五年没见面了。
He hasn't been teaching here these years. 这些年他并没有一直在这儿教书。
3. 一般疑问句:"Have(Has) + 主语 + been + 动词的现在分词?"其肯定回答:"Yes, 主语 + have(has)."否定回答:"No, 主语 + haven't (hasn't)."
【例如】:
- Have you been studying for the English test today?
你今天一直在准备英语测试吗?
- Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
是的。 / 不,我没有。
- Has Daniel been skating for two years? 丹尼尔滑冰已经有两年了吗?
- Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.
是的。/ 不,他没有。
4. 特殊疑问句:" 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句?"
【例如】:
What book have you been reading recently? 最近你在看什么书?
How has your uncle been getting on with his work?
你叔叔的工作进展得怎么样?
四、注意事项
有些不能用现在进行时的动词,如be, have, like, love, know, see, hear等,同样也不能用现在完成进行时,而应用现在完成时。例如:
The poor woman has been ill for a long time. 那可怜的妇人已经病了好久了。
Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗?
时态对比
1. 现在完成进行时与现在进行时比较:
现在完成进行时强调某一动作从过去一直延续到现在;而现在进行时只指目前正在发生的动作。试比较:
Susan has been reading that storybook since last night.
从昨晚开始苏珊就一直在看那本故事书。
Susan is reading a storybook now.
苏珊正在看一本故事书。
2. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时比较:
⑴有些动词(如:work, study, live, teach等)用现在完成进行时与现在完成时表达的意思差不多。试比较:
The teacher has been teaching at this school for ten years.
十年来,那位老师一直在这所学校教书。
The teacher has taught at this school for ten years.
那位老师在这所学校已经教了十年书了。
⑵英语中的多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同的含义。现在完成时如果不带表