Step 1. Words and expressions

1. P12 Exx1,2

2. P12 Ex3 Pronunciation/the odd one

1 ea [i:] ear [e] (fat and fruit) 3 u [] u[u] meat and energy-giving food

3 a[ei] a [] (vegetable and meat 4 e [e] e[] vegetable and fruit

Step 2. Speaking

Sample dialogue for P12 Ex4

S1: What's your favourite food? I'm really fond of roast duck.

S2: My favourite food is roast mutton and cold vinegar fish.

S1: What do you hate?

S2: I really hate spicy food. It upsets my stomach and makes me feel ill.

S1: I'm sorry to hear that! I can't stand boiled eggs myself.

S2: Really! I love them. If you eat boiled eggs with smoked chicken and cucumber salad, they taste delicious.

S1: I don't often eat chicken although I know it has low fat and you won't gain weight.

S2: Are you worried about gaining weight too? That's why I've stopped eating fried food. It's really sad because I love fried eggplant with fried chicken.

S1: Never mind. It'll be worth it when you're elegant and thin.

S2: I hope so.

Step 3 Useful structures.

Meaning Sentences in the text Intention 1

2 Duty 1

2 Permission Possibility 1

6 Guessing 1 Ability 1

2 Modal verbs

1. can 与could：1）表能力或可能性；2）表请求或许可; 3）表推测。

　Anybody can make mistakes. （possibility）

　You can use my pen. (permission)

　I can speak Japanese well. (ability)

　Could you help me? (request)

　He can't be at home now. I called him just now, but nobody answered the phone.

比较can 和be able to

　1）can/could 表示能力；可能, 只用于现在式和过去式（could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如：

　 They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

　2）只用be able to的情况：

　 a. 位于助动词 / 情态动词后。

　 b. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：

　　He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.

他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。

注意：could有时不表示时态

　1) 提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：

　　 --- Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？

　　 --- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。

　2) 在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：

　　 He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。　

2. may/ might: 1）表示允许或请求；2）表示可能或推测；3）may 放在句首，表示祝愿。

May I go home now? (permission)

If you lose too much blood, you may die. (possibility)

He might be at home.

May God bless you!

* May not "可能不" can not "不可能"

3. must / have to：1）必须 2）推测

　否定结构中：don't have to=need not 表示"不必"，mustn't表示"禁止"。例如：

　You don't have to tell him about it.　你不一定要把此事告诉他。

　You mustn't tell him about it.　　　　你不得把这件事告诉他。

　have to / have got to 的用法

must: 偏偏 Why must it rain on Sunday?

Listen, there must be some children in the room.

4. 表示推测的用法

　can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：

1) 对现在情况的推测: 情态动词+动词原形，此时动词通常为系动词。

肯定：must/may/might + be sth. /do sth. /be doing sth.

否定：can/could not + be sth./do sth./ be doing sth

疑问：Can/Could + be sth./do sth./ be doing sth

Eg: I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.

　2）对过去情况的推测。

肯定：must/may/might +have been /done

否定：can/could not + have been /done

疑问：Can/Could + have been /done

Eg: The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。

　3）对过去正在发生事情的推测: 情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。

Eg: Your mother must have been looking for you. 你妈妈一定一直在找你。

　4) 注意其反意疑问句的形式：

He must be at home, isn't he?

They must be in the classroom, aren't they?

He may have watched TV yesterday, didn't he?

She must have finished her homework, hasn't she?

5. will /would:

　1) 表请求、建议；would比will委婉

Would you like some coffee?

It is hot. Will you open the windows?

　2) 表意志、愿望和决心

I'll do my best to catch up with them.

3) will be / will have done 表推测，用于第二、三人称。前者表对目前情况的推测；后者表对已完成的动作或事态的推测。

This will be the book you want.

He will have arrived by now.

　4) used to /would的区别

　5）would表料想或猜想

It would be about ten when he left home.

I thought he would have told you all about it.

　6) will 表自然习惯，总是....

Oil will float on water.

Fish will die without water.

6. shall /should

1) shall 用于1、人称的疑问句中，征求意见。

What shall we eat this evening?

2) shall 用于2、3人称，表命令、许诺、恐吓、警告。

One day you shall be punished.

You shall have the book after I finished it.

3) should 表劝告、建议、命令，同义词是：ought to 。疑问句中常用should代替ought to.

　　You should go to bed now.

　　Should I open the door?

4) should + have done

You should have started earlier.

7. ought to

1) 用于第一人称，表有责任或有必要做某事。

We ought to be more careful with our homework.

2) 用于第二、三人称，表建议或劝告。

You ought to follow your teacher's advice.

She ought not to go alone.

3) ought to + have done: 本该...；

　　I'm sorry. I ought to have told you this morning.

8. need / dare

needn't have done

　　这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。

9. had better表示"最好"，相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。

had better have done sth 表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。例如：

　You had better have come earlier. 你本该来得早一点。

　Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？

　Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。

10. would rather表示"宁愿"

　 would rather do

　 would rather not do

　 would rather... than...　 宁愿...而不愿。

I would rather stay here than go home.

= I would stay here rather than go home.

Step 4 practice

1). Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.

A. must　　 B. may　 C. can　 D. will

2). ---Could I borrow your dictionary?

　 ---Yes, of course, you____.　

A. might　 B. will　 C. can　 D. should

3). ---Shall I tell John about it?

　 ---No, you ___. I've told him already.　　

A. needn't　 B. wouldn't　 C. mustn't　 D. shouldn't

4). ---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.

---______.

A. I don't　 B.　I won't　 C. I can't　 D. I haven't

5). Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.　

A. have told　 B. tell　 C. be telling　 D. having told 课后反思