二、过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况:
1.表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作,常与by,before等引导的时间状语连用。
By the time he got to school,the first period had been finished.
当他赶到学校的时候,第一节课已经上完了。
The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came.
在老师到来之前,教室已经被打扫了。
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?
飓风结束的时候,有多少座大楼被毁了?
2.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词之后的宾语从句中,若表示过去某一被动动作时,用过去完成时的被动语态。
He heard that the tickets had already been sold out.他听说票已售完。
The media reported that more than 1,000 people had been killed in the hurricane.
媒体报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。
3.根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态,先发生的被动动作用过去完成时的被动语态。
As the assignment had been done,he went on to search for some information on the Internet.
因为作业已经完成,他上网查阅了一些资料。
He did what he had been told to.他是按要求做的。
Ⅱ.间接引语
英语中常用两种方式引用别人的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话,把它放在引号内,叫直接引语;另一种是用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。
She said,"I'm a dentist."
她说:"我是牙医。"(直接引语)
→She said that she was a dentist.
她说她是牙医。(间接引语)
如果把直接引语变为间接引语,我们要记住"六变"。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要作相应的改变。其变动的一般规则如下表所示:
变化项目 在直接引语中 在间接引语中 人称变化(人称代词和物主代词) 第一人称 与主句人称一致 第二人称 与主句中的宾语一致 第三人称 第三人称(不变)