放在其后。如：

There has been nothing changed since I left Harbin two years ago.

区别：过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语

1. 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表被动. 如

surprising news

surprised listeners

an exciting movie

excited children

The teacher told his students a lot of interesting stories.

She is interested in Chinese.

2. 时间关系上不同：现在分词表动作正在进行；过去分词表动作已经完成。如

the changing world 正在发生变化的世界

the changed world 已经改变了的世界

boiling water

boiled water

developing countries

developed countries

过去分词作表语：

意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。

如 she looked disappointed.

we were encouraged at the news.

用于被动语态，表示主语所承受的动作。如

the book is well written.

the lake is badly polluted.

五．单词、短语突破

1. Characteristic n.﹠adj.

n.特征；特性

What characteristics distinguish the Americans and Canadians?

特有的，典型的

With the Characteristic generosity, he offered to buy tickets for all of us.

2. conclude vt. ﹠vi结束；推论出；议定，决定

常用于以下结构：

　conclude with sth.用......结束某事

　conclude sth. from sth.从......推断出

　conclude to do sth.决定做某事

　conclude that -clause决定

拓展：conclusion

draw a conclusion 得出结论

make a conclusion得出结论

bring ... to a conclusion 使结束；谈定买卖等

come to the conclusion that ...所得到的结论

arrive at / come to / reach a conclusion得出结论，告一段落

in conclusion ＝ to conclude 最后，总之

attend vt. 照顾，护理；出席；参加