(6) 名词性从句(其前面的先行词一般都带有定冠词the)。这样的先行词有fact,news,truth,knowledge, idea,hope,question,problem,assumption等。例如:
You have yet to answer my question whether you can lend me your bike.
3. 同位语从句和定语从句都放在被修饰词的后边,从形式上来看,它们十分相似。从以下几个方面来谈它们的区别。
(1) 从句所修饰词的不同。同位语从句所修饰词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词,如belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish , answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law , opinion , problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk 等。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。例如:
● He has told us a fact that drinking too much does harm to our health.
他又告诉我们一个事实,过渡饮酒对健康有害。(同位语从句)
● This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。(定语从句)
(2) 连接词的作用不同。连接同位语从句的that只起连接作用,不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。关系代词和关系副词除了连接从句的作用外,还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分,如主语、宾语、定语、表语等。引导定语从句的连接词是关系词,常见的关系代词和关系副词有that , which , who , whose , whom , when , where , why , as,than, but 等。
● The news that he wants to get is whether he will be sent to the countryside.
他所想得到的消息是他是否将被派往农村。(定语从句,关系代词that作从句get的宾语。)
● Do you have a doubt whether she will be dismissed from school?
你怀疑她是否能被学校开除吗?(同位语从句)
● I have no idea how his parents were sad on hearing that their son was killed in the earthquake.
我不知道他的父母一听到他在地震中阵亡是多么悲伤!(同位语从句)
(3) 从句作用的不同。定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点,对先行词起修饰、限定作用,描述先行词的性质或特征,与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点,对中心词作进一步补充解释,是中心词的具体内容。例如:
● The man that you saw just now is my bother. 你刚才看到的那个人是我的弟弟。(定语 从句)
● The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right.
推迟会议的建议证明是正确得。(同位语从句)
(4) 正确理解和使用同位语从句,还应注意以下几点:
① 分隔同位语从句:有时同位语从句与其先行词被其它成分分隔开来,这种分隔主要出于修辞原因,即为了保持句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻。
● The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep's clothing .
真相终于大白了,他原来是只披着羊皮的狼。
② 在某些名词后的同位语从句中,其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式:(should) + 动词原形。 常见的名词有advice , idea , order , demand , plan , proposal , suggestion , request