1. according to: as stated by sb. or in sth.

　According to John, you were in Edinburgh last week.

　You have been in prison six times according to our record.

　2. It is not clear how gold was found there.

　　It is hard to understand why there is gravity.

3. in time: sooner or later; eventually

in / out of time

(sth.) be to (do): something will definitely happen, or it must happen

You will succeed in time.

She will be back in time to prepare dinner.

The audience clapped in time to the music.

She is to be honored for this great work.

　They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.

　4. allow + n. / pron. / doing; allow sb. to do sth.

　5. exist: be real or actual; have being

　The Roman Empire existed for several centuries.

　Contradictions exist everywhere.

　Salt exists mostly in sea water.

　So poor they can hardly exist.

　One can not exist without air.

　6. be different from: not like someone or something else in one or more ways

　City life is different from country life.

　7. give birth to: produce young

　She gave birth to a healthy baby last night.

　Mark`s idea gave birth to Communism.

　8. in one`s turn

　　in turn: one after the other; in succession

　　by turn: one after the other; in rotation

He has become monitor in his turn.

The girl called out their names in turn.

We did the work by turn.

9. prevent.....from...: stop or hinder sth. / sb.

Nothing can prevent their plan from being carried out.

10. depend on (sth. else): something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are right for it

Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.

Step 5 Using words, expressions and patterns

Do the exercises in Using words and expressions on page 63.