children to play together我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间，解释她为什么不想让

　孩子们在一起玩。(现在分词explaining是句子主语my wife做的动作，它

们之间是主动关系,即explaining的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语my wife 。)

The train having gone, we had to wait another day.（the train逻辑主语 +

　having gone 既为独立主格结构）

②分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或 介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分。分词和主句之间可用逗号。

例如:

误: Having been told many times，but he still couldn't understand it.

正: He was told many times, but he still couldn't understand it.或

Having been told many times， he still couldn't understand it.

③-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。

例如:

out his wallet.)他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。

Coming into the room，he put down his bag. (=he came into the room and put

down his bag.)他走进房间，放下提包。

Having brushed his teeth，Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.

布朗先生刷过牙，就下楼来吃早饭。 (此句如写成:Brushing his teeth,

Mr. Brown came downstairs for breakfast.可能指"边刷牙，边下楼'。

④分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上 not, never等否定词构成。

例如:

Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt.