（多指经过努力逐步获得知识、技能等，且一经获得就很难失去）

acquire a knowledge of English 英语学得好 ~ a habit of smoking 有抽烟的习惯

He has acquired a bad reputation for dishonesty.他得到了奸诈的坏名声。

acquisition n. 习得；获得 language acquisition 语言习得

8. urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的 an ~ call

It is ~ that they all (should) be present at the meeting. （虚拟语气）

urge v.& n 力劝 feel/have an ~ to do sth. ~ sb to do sth

　　　　　　　 ~ that sb should do sth.

urgency n. [U]

9. starvation [U] die of ~ = be starved to death 饿死

starve v. ~ for sth./ ~ to do sth. 渴望......，极需要......

10. alternative adj. 可供替代的；可供选择的 ~ energy an ~ plan/ solution/ road

n. [C] take the ~ of doing sth. 选择做某事

have no alternative but to do sth. = have no ~/ choice but to do sth. 别无选择只有做某事

11. if only +从句 ① 虚拟过去： If only he had passed the driving test!

虚拟语气 ② 虚拟现在： If only he didn't drive so fast!

　　（但愿） ③ 虚拟将来： If only it would stop raining!

　　译：要是我能飞就好了。If only I could fly!

　　　　要是我们不参加高考直接上大学就好了。

If only we would / could go to university directly without taking the entrance examination!

　　　　要是他当时开车慢一点点就好了！If only he had driven a bit more slowly then!

c.f. only if 表示唯一的条件 "只要，只有" 引导条件状语从句；

置于句首时主句用倒装

I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹铃响，我才会醒。

Only if I go will he go. 只有我去了他才会去.