导学案3 Grammar page 62-63

虚拟语气的概念

语气：语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的意图或态度。英语中有陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气三种语气。

虚拟语气是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中)；二是表示说话人的主观愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中)。

一． 虚拟语气在条件句中的运用

情 况 从句中谓语的构成 主句中谓语的构成 与现在情况相反 动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） Would/should/

could/might +动词原形 与过去情况相反 had + 过去分词 Would /should/ could/might

+have +过去分词 与将来情况相反 动词的过去式

should+动词原形

were to+动词原形 Would/should/

+动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反： 表示与现在事实相反的条件和结果。

　1). If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.

　2). If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.

　3). If it were fine now, I would go shopping.

2. 与过去事实相反： 表示与过去事实相反的条件和结果。

　1). If I had had time last night, I would have gone to see the film with you .

2). If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday.

3. 与将来事实可能相反： 表示与将来事实可能相反的条件和结果。

1). If I saw him tomorrow, I should tell him.

2). If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.

3). If it should be necessary, I could come at six.

注意

含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were这三个词，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行部分倒装。

1). Had they time (= If they had time), they would certainly come and help us.

2). Should it be fine (= If it should be fine), we would go for an outing.

3). Were I you (=If I were you), I would go.

2）有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。这种句子可以称为错综复杂条件句