B． scientists and babies often interact with each other

C． babies are born with the knowledge of object support

D． babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do

52． Children may learn the rules of language by

A． exploring the physical world B． investigating human psychology

C． repeating their own experiments D． observing their parents' behaviors

53． What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A． The world may be more clearly explained through children's play．

B． Studying babies' play may lead to a better understanding of science．

C． Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists．

D． One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows．

54．What is the author's tone when he discusses the connection between scientists' research and babies' play?

A．Convincing． B．Confused． C．Confidence． D．Cautious．

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [二]

Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory． But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another． Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves． Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children． Who are able from a young age to gather their own food．

In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either． If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random ---he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not． Chimps are truly selfish．

Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative． From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate a achieving common goals． The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children． He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help．

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught ．but naturally possessed in young children．One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially．Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded．A third reason is that social intelligence．There are several reasons to Develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills，at least when compared with chimps．In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world．

The cure of what children's minds have and chimps' don't in what Tomasello calls what． Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking． But that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose． They actively seek to be part of a "we", a group that intends to work toward a shared goal．

58．What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?