Section_ⅣOther_Parts_of_the_Module

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　　Dickens' London

　　Dickens' cast① of characters lived in London, the largest and richest city in the world. But its wealth was distributed② unfairly③ among the population. Every chapter④ of his novels describes the sights, sounds, and smells of the city, and provides a social commentary of London life.

　　In the middle of the 19th century, London was a filthy⑤ city for rich and poor people alike⑥. Although on clear days the air was filled with⑦ sparrows⑧ and seagulls⑨ flying high above⑩， more often the smoking chimney pipes⑪ created smog⑫ which was so strong that it choked⑬ the inhabitants⑭. The River Thames was polluted, causing disease and death everywhere⑮， and if you fell in, it was dangerous to swallow⑯ the water. 　　①cast/kɑːst/n.演员阵容，全体演员

　　②distribute/dI'strIbjuːt/v.分发，分配，分送

　　distribute ...among/between在......之间分配，给某人发某物

　　③unfairly adv.不公平地　④chapter/'tʃæptə/n.章节

　　⑤filthy/'fIlθi/adj.十分肮脏的，污秽的　⑥alike adv.同样地

　　⑦be filled with (＝ be full of)充满

　　⑧sparrow/'spærəʊ/n.麻雀　⑨seagull/'siːˌɡʌl/n.海鸥

　　⑩flying high above作后置定语，修饰"麻雀"和"海鸥"。

　　⑪chimney pipes烟囱

　　pipe/paIp/n.(通常埋在地下的)管，管子，管道

　　⑫smog/smɒɡ/n.烟雾

　　⑬choke/tʃəʊk/v.(使)窒息，(使)噎住，(使)呼吸困难

　　⑭which was so strong that it ...是定语从句，修饰smog。该从句中含有so ...that ..."如此......以致......"句式，that引导结果状语从句。

　　⑮causing disease and death everywhere作结果状语，表示自然的结果。

　　⑯swallow/'swɒləʊ/v.吞下，咽下(食物或饮料)