语法·剖析

　　原因的表达形式

　　在本模块和以往的英语学习中，我们见到不少表达原因的形式。例如:

　　Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.

　　Mencius resigned because the ruler was not following his advice.

　　...

　　那么，我们从下面的解析中，更多地了解原因的表达形式:

　　1)固定句型the reason for ...，例如:

　　One of the reasons for going to big cities to make fortune. 

　　到大城市去的原因之一是去发财的。

　　2)固定句型the reason why... be that ...，例如:

　　The reason why I liked reading about ancient China is that the philosophy is very interesting.

　　我为什么喜欢阅读有关古代中国的哲学是因为哲学非常有趣。

　　3)由because,since,as,now that 引导。从句中如果用了as,since,because，主句不可再用then,so,therefore等词。例如:

Now that you are in the senior middle school,you'll probably spend more time in reading.

　　既然你读到了高中，你会花很多时间在阅读方面。

　　4)短语引导原因状语从句。这些短语有:for fear 恐怕；in case 万一；seeing that 既然；considering that 要知道；now that 既然；for the simple reason以为

　　限制性定语从句

 用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词(或代词)之后，这种名词(或代词)被称作先行词，引导定语从句的关联词被称为关系代词和关系副词。

　　 一、关系代词

　　1.关系代词的一般用法列表如下:

关系代词 指　代 在定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语 who √ √ √ whom √ √ which √ √ √ √ that √ √ √ √ whose √ √ √ as √ √ √ √ 　　例如：

　　The man who was here yesterday is a painter.(who作主语)

　　The man who I saw is called Smith.(who作宾语，亦可省略)

　　A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read. (that作主语,指物)

　　Is he the man that sells eggs?(that作主语，指人)

　　We told him to consult the doctor，whose advice he took. (whose作定语)

　　The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact，they were. (which作表语)

　　I have that which you gave me. (which作宾语)

　　This is the book which has been retranslated into many languages.(which作主语)

2.who/whom与that的区别:指人时，在下列情况下一般选用who或whom: