时

间

状

从 When

whenever When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。

We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。 when指的是"某一具体的时间"

whenever指的是"在任何时间" when I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 when意为"这时"或"在那个时候",可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。 while While it was raining, they went out.天下雨的时候，他们出去了。

I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候我在。 while指"在某一段时间里"，"在...期间"，while引导的动作必须是持续性的 as He hurried home, looking behind as he went.

他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。 as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生 before Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。 after He arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。 till We waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。 如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示"直到...为止" until She didn't stop working until eleven o'clock .她到11点钟才停止工作。

Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.

她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。 如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示"直...才""在...以前不",从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until since

as soon as Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.

自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。

As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I'll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。 状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。 hardly...when

no sooner...than I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.

我们刚到车站，火车就走了。

Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。 hardly...when和no sooner...than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装 every time, by the time, the moment等 Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。

The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.

我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。

Next time you come ,you'll see him.下次你来的时候，就会见到他。 在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时 地

点

状

从 where

wherever Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。

Where there is water there is life.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。

You are free to go wherever you like.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。

Wherever you go, you must obey the law.无论你去哪都要遵守法律。 where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语 原

因

状

从 because I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。 because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强 since Since everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。 since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首 as As he didn't know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .

由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。 从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。 now that, seeing that Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.

鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。

Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.

鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。 seeing (that), now that 和since, as 意义相似，他们都有"鉴于某个事实"的意思，that可以省去