My job is to teach English.
我的工作是教英语。(表语)
She promised to give him a chance.
她答应给他一个机会。(宾语)
He advised us to have a rest.
他建议我们休息一下。(宾补)
I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多工作要做。(定语)
To pass the exam, you must study hard.
要考试合格,你必须努力学习。(目的状语)
I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
我匆忙赶到车站,结果发现火车已经开走了。(结果状语)
(1)不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把不定式后置,且不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
It is important to master a knowledge of computer.
掌握电脑知识很重要。
(2)不定式作表语时,若主语中含有实义动词do,则作表语的不定式可以省略to。
What I want to do is (to) help you.
我想做的事是帮助你。
(3)感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省去符号to,变为被动语态时则要把to带上。
I saw him cross the street.
He was seen to cross the street.
(4)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,则后面需要加一定的介词。
The Greens have a comfortable house to live in.
格林一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。
(5)不定式常用作后置定语用来修饰被序数词、最高级等限定的中心词。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
(6)动词不定式作定语时,如果和所修饰的词之间是被动关系,同时不定式的逻辑主语在句子中出现时,则用不定式的主动形式。
He needs a book to read.
他需要一本书读。
(7)不定式作结果状语表示意外的结果,常在不定式前加only。
He hurried to school, only to be told it was Sunday.
他匆忙赶去学校,结果被告知是星期天。