例题写出下列典型物质的电离方程式
(1)H2SO4________________________________________________________________;
(2)H2CO3________________________________________________________________;
(3)Ca(OH)2______________________________________________________________;
(4)Fe(OH)3______________________________________________________________;
(5)NH3·H2O_____________________________________________________________;
(6)NaCl_________________________________________________________________;
(7)BaSO4________________________________________________________________;
(8)NaHCO3______________________________________________________________;
(9)NaHSO4______________________________________________________________;
(10)NaHSO4(熔融)________________________________________________________;
(11)Al2O3(熔融)__________________________________________________________。
思路导航:
(1) H2SO4 是强酸,属于强电解质,完全电离;(2) H2CO3是二元弱酸,属于弱电解质,分步电离;(3)Ca(OH)2是强碱,属于强电解质,完全电离;(4)Fe(OH)3是弱碱,属于弱电解质,部分电离;(5)NH3·H2O是弱碱,属于弱电解质,部分电离;(6)NaCl 是易溶盐,属于强电解质,完全电离;(7)BaSO4 是强酸强碱盐,属于强电解质,完全电离;(8)NaHCO3是弱酸酸式盐,属于强电解质,多步电离;(9)NaHSO4是强酸酸式盐,属于电解质,一步电离;(10))NaHSO4(熔融)在熔融状态下,只以Na+和HSO存在;(11)Al2O3(熔融)在熔融状态下Al2O3完全电离。
答案:(1)H2SO4===2H++SO
(2)H2CO3H++HCO、HCOH++CO
(3)Ca(OH)2===Ca2++2OH-
(4)Fe(OH)3Fe3++3OH-
(5)NH3·H2ONH+OH-
(6)NaCl===Na++Cl-
(7)BaSO4===Ba2++SO
(8)NaHCO3===Na++HCO、HCOH++CO