be to blame 应该负责；应受责备

eg: No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.

You are not to drop litter in this park. 公园里不许乱丢垃圾。

Who is to blame for the fire?

Who is to be responsible for this?

4. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

only ﹢加状语放于句首时，主句用部分倒装。

eg: Only a week later did I receive an answer from her.

Only when you are forty and looking back will you realize that you haven't done your best.

拓展：only if 可译为"只有"

eg: Only if you study hard, will you pass the test.

Make a call only if it is important.

5. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.

To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.

suggest 当暗示，表明时，从句用陈述语气。

当建议讲时，从句用虚拟语气 (should) ﹢do

eg: I suggested that he give up smoking.

四．语法分析：过去分词作定语和表语

课文原句：

1. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.

2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.

过去分词作定语：

意义：过去分词含有被动和完成的意思，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成

a broken heart

a ploughed field

a risen sun 已升起的太阳

位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词前；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面。

polluted water

death caused by the accident

a broken glass

a glass broken by the boy

特别提示：

有些词像left剩下的, given（所给的）, concerned（有关的） 等，习惯上作后置定语，如

standing room left

the people concerned 有关人士

the book given 所给的书籍

当所修饰的词是由some/ any /nothing/nobody...所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，通