U3 Tomorrow's world语法部分辅导

Passive Voice

　　英文动词有主动语态 Active Voice 和被动语态 Passive Voice 之分。如果主语是动作或状态的「发出者」，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的「承受者」，动词就用被动语态。

例如：

1. John encouraged Mary.﹝约翰鼓励玛莉。﹞

2. Mary was encouraged by John.﹝玛莉受到约翰鼓励。﹞

※ 第一句的动词 "encouraged" 是主动语态；第二句的动词

"was encouraged"是被动语态。

动词被动语态的基本形态是：

　　助动词BE + 及物动词的过去分词(-ed分词)

　　动词的被动语态通常有六种时、体形式：即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行体、过去进行体、现在完成体和过去完成体。

1．Simple Present Tense

主动语态： I teach him.

被动语态： He is taught by me.

2． Simple Past Tense

主动语态： I taught him yesterday.

被动语态： He was taught by me yesterday.

3．Present Continuous Tense

主动语态： I am teaching him.

被动语态： He is being taught by me.

4．Past Continuous Tense

主动语态： I was teaching him when you came.

被动语态： He was being taught by me when you came.

5． Present Perfect Tense

主动语态： I have taught him.

被动语态： He has been taught by me.