z2z1=(a2+b2i)(a1+b1i)=(a2a1-b2b1)+(b2a1+a2b1)i.
又a1a2-b1b2=a2a1-b2b1,b1a2+a1b2=b2a1+a2b1.
∴z1z2=z2z1.
(2)z1(z2+z3)=z1z2+z1z3
证明:设z1=a1+b1i,z2=a2+b2i,z3=a3+b3i(a1,a2,a3,b1,b2,b3∈R).
∵(z1z2)z3=[(a1+b1i)(a2+b2i)](a3+b3i)=[(a1a2-b1b2)+(b1b2+a1b2)i](a3+b3i)
=[(a1a2-b1b2)a3-(b1a2+a1b2)b3]+[(b1a2+a1b2)a3+(a1a2-b1b2)b3]i
=(a1a2a3-b1b2a3-b1a2b3-a1b2b3)+(b1a2a3+a1b2b3+a1a2b3-b1b2b3)i,
同理可证:
z1(z2z3)=(a1a2a3-b1b2a3-b1a2b3-a1b2b3)+(b1a2a3+a1b2a3+a1a2b3-b1b2b3)i,
∴(z1z2)z3=z1(z2z3).
(3)z1(z2+z3)=z1z2+z1z3.
证明:设z1=a1+b1i,z2=a2+b2i,z3=a3+b3i(a1,a2,a3,b1,b2,b3∈R).
∵z1(z2+z3)=(a1+b1i)[(a2+b2i)+(a3+b3i)]=(a1+b1i)[(a2+a3)+(b2+b3)i]
=[a1(a2+a3)-b1(b2+b3)]+[b1(a2+a3)+a1(b2+b3)]i
=(a1a2+a1a3-b1b2-b1b3)+(b1a2+b1a3+a1b2+a1b3)i.
z1z2+z1z3=(a1+b1i)(a2+b2i)+(a1+b1i)(a3+b3i)
=(a1a2-b1b2)+(b1a2+a1b2)i+(a1a3-b1b3)+(b1a3+a1b3)i
=(a1a2-b1b2+a1a3-b1b3)+(b1a2+a1b2+b1a3+a1b3)i
=(a1a2+a1a3-b1b2-b1b3)+(b1a2+b1a3+a1b2+a1b3)i
∴z1(z2+z3)=z1z2+z1z3.
六、知识应用,深化理解
例1计算:(5-6i)+(-2-i)-(3+4i)
解:(5-6i)+(-2-i)-(3+4i)=(5-2-3)+(-6-1-4) i=-11 i
例2计算:(1-2i)+(-2+3i)+(3-4i)+(-4+5i)+...+(-2002+2003i)+(2003-2004i)
解法一:原式=(1-2+3-4+...-2002+2003)+(-2+3-4+5+...+2003-2004i)=(2003-1001)+(1001-2004)i=1002-1003i.
解法二:∵(1-2i)+(-2+3i)=-1+i,
(3-4i)+(-4+5i)=-1+i,
......