如果分词是含有心理活动意义的词,则它一般表示原因,
如knowing,thinking,forgetting,learning。
(2)_____ that he was in great danger,Eric Walked deeper into
the forest.
A.Not realized B.Not to realize
C.Not realizing D.Not to have realized
解析:"not realizing"在句中作原因状语。答案:C
3.表示条件,作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句。
分词短语有时表示一种假设情况,相当于一个条件状语从
句,这种情况下,有时在分词短语前加上if/unless,使条件更明确。
Working hard,you'll succeed. =If you work hard,you'll succeed.=Work hard。and you'11 succeed.
努力工作,你会成功的。
4.表示让步,作让步状语,相当子让步状语从句。
分词短语作让步状语,相当于一个让步状语从句,有时分
词前可带有连词although,whether,even if,even though。
Admitting what she said.I still think that she hasn't tried
her best.尽管承认她所说的话,但我仍然认为她没有尽最大的努力。
(3)______their hats into the air,the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
A.To throw B.Thrown C.Throwing D.Being thrown
解析: "throwing their hats"作伴随状语。答案:C
5.表示方式或伴随状语
分词短语表示方式或伴随情况是比较常用的,它用来说明
动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下,分词所表示的动作和谓
语动词所表示的动作同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句可转
换,但可以用并列句来转换。
Children came into the room,singing and laughing.
:Children sang and laughed;they came into the room.
6.表示结果,作结果状语,相当于结果状语从句通常放在句末,中间有逗号隔开,表示一种自然的、顺理成章的结果。
His parents died in the war,leaving him an orphan(SO that
he became an orphan).父母在战争中死亡,以致他成了孤儿。
三、现在分词(短语)作状语时应注意的问题
1.现在分词作状语时,要注意分词的时间性,即注意是用
现在分词的一般式(doing)还是用完成式(having done)。当现
在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时,
用分词的一般式。当现在分词的动作先发生,而谓语动词的动
作后发生时,用分词的完成式。