(1)→(AB)=(a2-a1,b2-b1,c2-c1);
(2)dAB=|→(AB)|=.
[基础自测]
1.思考辨析
(1)若a=(1,-2,1),a+b=(-1,2,-1),则b=(-2,4,-2).( )
(2)若a=(1,2,0),b=(-2,0,1),则|a|=|b|.( )
(3)若a=(0,0,1),b=(1,0,0)则a⊥b.( )
(4)在空间坐标系中,若A(1,2,3),B(4,5,6),则→(AB)=(-3,-3,-3).( )
[答案] (1)√ (2)√ (3)√ (4)×
2.已知向量a=(3,-2,1),b=(-2,4,0),则4a+2b等于( )
A.(16,0,4) B.(8,-16,4)
C.(8,16,4) D.(8,0,4)
D [4a=(12,-8,4),2b=(-4,8,0),
∴4a+2b=(8,0,4).]
3.已知向量a=(1,1,0),b=(-1,0,2),且ka+b与2a-b互相垂直,则k=( )
A.1 B.5(1) C.5(3) D.5(7)
D [ka+b=(k-1,k,2),2a-b=(3,2,-2),且(ka+b)·(2a-b)=3(k-1)+2k-4=0,解得k=5(7).]
4.若点A(0,1,2),B(1,0,1),则→(AB)=__________,→(|AB|)=__________________.
(1,-1,-1) [→(AB)=(1,-1,-1),|→(AB)|==.]
[合 作 探 究·攻 重 难]
空间向量的坐标运算 (1)若向量a=(1,1,x),b=(1,2,1),c=(1,1,1)满足条件(c-a)·(2b)=-2,则x=________.
(2)已知O是坐标原点,且A,B,C三点的坐标分别是(2,-1,2),(4,5,